Attitude dynamics is the theoretical basis of attitude control of spacecrafts in aerospace engineering. With the development of nonlinear dynamics, chaos in spacecraft attitude dynamics has drawn great attention since the 1990's. The problem of the predictability and controllability of the chaotic attitude motion of a spacecraft has a practical significance in astronautic science. This book aims to summarize basic concepts, main approaches, and recent progress in this area. It focuses on the research work of the author and other Chinese scientists in this field, providing new methods and viewpoints in the investigation of spacecraft attitude motion, as well as new mathematical models, with definite engineering backgrounds, for further analysis.
This chapter examines several indicators of student engagement: arriving late for school, skipping days of school or classes, feeling a sense of belonging at school, and holding positive attitudes towards school. The chapter explores how these dispositions are associated with performance in mathematics, whether and how they are related to gender and socio-economic status, and how they have evolved among students since 2003.
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This book is based on a commitment to teaching science to everybody. What may work for training professional scientists does not work for general science education. Students bring to the classrooms preconceived attitudes, as well as the emotional baggage called 'science anxiety'. Students may regard science as cold, unfriendly, and even inherently hostile and biased against women. This book has been designed to deal with each of these issues and results from research in both Denmark and the USA.
The first chapter discusses student attitudes towards science and the second discusses science anxiety. The connection between the two is discussed before the introduction of constructivism as a pedagogy that can aid science learning if it also addresses attitudes and anxieties. Much of the book elucidates what the authors have learned as science teachers and science education researchers. They studied various groups including university students majoring in the sciences, mathematics, humanities, social sciences, business, nursing, and education; high-school students; teachers' seminary students; science teachers at all levels from middle school through college; and science administrators. The insights of these groups constitute the most important feature of the book, and by sharing them, the authors hope to help their fellow science teachers to understand student attitudes about science, to recognize the connections between these and science anxiety, and to see how a pedagogy that takes these into account can improve science learning.
There are a few versions of KAP on exercise survey that have been established [21,22,23]. KAP on exercise survey may aid in a situation analysis by identifying exercise priorities by assisting in identifying the current knowledge, attitudes, and practices relative to exercise. Most of the surveys are focusing on adult, elderly, or clinical populations, and limited studies with the high school age populations and exergames. Fabunmi et al. [24] have assessed KAP in physical exercise among Nigerian school students but the survey did not include questions related to exergames. The questionnaire has simple items which can be suitable for this population. The development and validation of the new KAP questionnaire related to exercise and exergames specifically in high school students may provide more evidence regarding KAP among the high school age population for a better understanding of physical activity or exercise-related issues among children. In addition, assessing the exergames experiences of high school students may provide us a preliminary result regarding the feasibility of exergames as innovative tools for individual health.
Our questionnaire can be used to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding exercise and exergames experiences among high school students as it has acceptable validity and reliability. More research with different populations is needed to determine whether our findings are sample-specific or more universal.
This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of cervical cancer screening and its associated factors among female students at Wollega University. This research showed that 54.4% of female students at Wollega University had heard about cervical cancer. This is higher than a finding in Nigeria (15%) and Cameroon (28%) of respondents had heard about cervical cancer [9, 10]. However, our finding was lower when compared to a similar study in Ukraine among female medical students of Crimea State Medical University where 80% of participants had heard about cervical cancer [11]. This gap might be due to differences in awareness amongst study participants in these studies. Of concern, only 38.3% of the study participants in this study knew about cervical cancer screening methods. This needs special attention as identification of precancerous lesions is crucial for early treatment and prevention progression to cervical cancer.
In this study, only 44.1% of the study participants had a positive attitude towards cervical cancer screening. This is much lower than a similar study conducted in Hawassa University among female students [8]. Surprisingly, only 10.6% of the participants agreed on importance of a national screening program for precancerous lesions. Similarly, only 16% of participants agreed on the importance of HPV vaccination to prevent cervical cancer. This might be due to a lack of adequate information about the severity of cervical cancer national policy in Ethiopia. Age and year of study of participants were identified as factors affecting a positive attitude. For instance, 3rd year students/participants had a positive attitude towards cervical cancer screening twice that of other batches. In addition, participants aged 21 to 25 years were 13 times more likely to have a positive attitude towards cervical cancer screening when compared to other age groups.
In conclusion, knowledge, attitude and practice regarding cervical cancer screening among female students at Wollega University were low and thus the knowledge and attitude amongst the general population is likely even to be lower. Thus, different governmental and nongovernmental stakeholders need to give special attention on raising awareness about cervical cancer, its screening and preventive strategies.
It is estimated by the year 2050, 80% of the global elderly population will be from the low-and middle income countries. Elderly care requires health workers with skills associated with an understanding of the biological, psychological, social and cultural theories related to aging. Nurses with better knowledge, skills and positive attitudes towards elderly care are highly needed and critically important for better healthcare and wellbeing of the elderly population. Therefore the objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of nursing students towards elderly care in Zanzibar Island.
This study has shown that the majority of nursing students in Zanzibar have positive attitude but poor level of knowledge towards elderly care. The current findings have demonstrated that past experience with an elderly person can help in influencing good knowledge and shaping positive attitudes towards elderly care. Low level of knowledge shown in the study suggests for further research on adequacy of nursing curriculum and/or its implementation.
Self administered English questionnaire was used to conduct the study. All information from the participant was collected and recorded in a standard questionnaire (see Additional file 1). The questionnaire was divided into four parts; demographic characteristics, student experience on elderly caring, questions on knowledge and statements on attitude towards elderly care. The researcher and research assistants supervised the whole process of questionnaire administration to prevent contamination among students.
This study generally found poor knowledge and positive attitude towards elderly care among nursing students in Zanzibar. Students living with an elderly person at home and those from extended family were more likely to have good knowledge and positive attitude towards elderly. Further, students at public institutions and those from rural areas were associated with positive attitudes.
In this study, majority of the students had positive attitudes towards elderly care. This is a promising finding as attitude is very crucial in influencing nursing professionals to work with older people [14]. Previous findings had revealed that nursing students with positive attitudes were more willing to work with elderly population than those with negative attitudes [13, 19, 20]. The result of positive attitude in this study may be attributed to the cultural and societal values of low and middle-income countries which accord older adults with high respect [21].
In most African countries, it is a responsibility and pride to look after older relatives [15]. The positive attitude found in this study is in agreement with the findings from the previous cross-sectional studies which reported high prevalence of positive attitude towards older adults among nursing students at the university college [12, 22]. Contrary to our findings, a cross-sectional study conducted among working nurses in Iran found that majority of them had negative attitudes towards elderly care [23]. Compared to the previous study, the positive attitude observed in the current study may be explained with the fact that our study population was students and young population without working experience or little experience if any. Studies have demonstrated that negative attitude on elderly care among nurses may be influenced by work related factors such as; low salaries, heavy workload, a boring and unattractive field, lower status of geriatric nurses, difficulty in communicating with geriatric patients and limited care resources in working areas [23, 24]. This finding suggests that, inorder to build and maintain positive attitudes towards elderly care among nurses both training and working environments are indispensable. 2ff7e9595c